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Cappuccino art is a style of pouring steamed milk into a shot of espresso that creates a pattern or design on the surface of the resulting cappuccino. It can also be created or embellished by simply “drawing” in the top layer of foam. Latte art is particularly difficult to create consistently, due to the demanding conditions required of both the espresso shot and milk. This, in turn, is limited by the experience of the barista and quality of the espresso machine. The pour itself, then, becomes the last challenge for the latte artist.
The most common form of poured cappuccino art is known as the "rosetta,” and resembles a type of flower. This design is usually poured while keeping the cup tilted in one direction. As the milk is poured straight into the cup, the foam begins to surface on one side (due to the tilt). The barista then moves the pitcher from side to side as he levels the cup, and finishes by making a quick strike through the previously poured pattern. This "strike" creates the stem portion of the flower design, and bends the poured zig-zag into a flower shape. Although the rosetta design is common, many others are possible. These can range from simple geometric shapes to complicated drawings, such as crosshatched patterns, apples, hearts, animals, and flowers. Some can be done with a single pour, others require multiple pours, and still others call for etches in the design after pouring, usually with a coffee stirrer of some sort.
Source: Wikipedia
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